A selection of Venetian carnival maskshave always been an important feature of the Venetian carnival. Traditionally people were allowed to wear them between the festival of Santo Stefano (, December 26) and the end of the carnival season at midnight of. As masks were also allowed on and from October 5 to, people could spend a large portion of the year in disguise. Maskmakers ( mascherari) enjoyed a special position in society, with their own laws and their own.Venetian masks can be made of leather, porcelain or using the original glass technique.

The original masks were rather simple in design, decoration, and often had a symbolic and practical function. Nowadays, most Italian masks are made with the application of and and are hand-painted using natural feathers and gems to decorate.

However, this makes them rather expensive when compared to the widespread, low-quality masks produced mainly by American factories. This competition accelerates the decline of this historical craftsmanship peculiar to the city of Venice.The History of the masks There is less evidence explaining the motive for the earliest mask being worn in Venice. One scholar argues that covering the face in public was a uniquely Venetian response to one of the most rigid class hierarchies in European history.

During Carnival, the were suspended, and people could dress as they liked, instead of according to the rules that were set down in law for their profession and social class. Masked men threw eggshells filled with perfume during carnival.The first documented sources mentioning the use of masks in Venice can be found as far back as the 13th century. The Great Council made it a crime for masked people to throw scented eggs. These ovi odoriferi were that were usually filled with perfume, and tossed by young men at their friends or at young women they admired. However, in some cases, the eggs were filled with ink or other damaging substances.

Gambling in public was normally illegal, except during Carnival. The document decrees that masked persons were forbidden to gamble.Another law in 1339 forbade Venetians from wearing vulgar disguises and visiting convents while masked. The law also prohibited painting one's face, or wearing false beards or wigs.Near the end of the Republic, the wearing of the masks in daily life was severely restricted. By the 18th century, it was limited only to about three months from December 26.

Astronomy for Kids - Venus It's Been a Long, Strange Day Venus is a very odd place for a number of reasons, not the least of which is the fact that it rotates in the opposite direction that Earth does. Venus rotates from east to west, while Earth, and most of. Mikhail Bakhtin's famous 'Carnival and Carnivalesque' (in: Cultural Theory and Popular Culture: A Reader) deals with the event of the carnival, common throughout European history as a central form of celebration.Bakhtin's opens 'Carnival and Carnivalesque' by noting that the carnival is not a performance, and does not differentiate the spectator from the performer.

The masks were traditionally worn with decorative beads matching in colour.Several distinct styles of mask are worn in the Venice Carnival, some with identifying names. People with different occupations wore different masks. A Medico della Peste mask.The Medico della peste, with its long beak, is one of the most bizarre and recognizable of the Venetian masks, though it did not start out as carnival mask at all but as a method of preventing the spread of disease. The striking design originates from 17th-century French physician who adopted the mask together with other sanitary precautions while treating victims. The mask is often white, consisting of a hollow beak and round eyeholes covered with crystal discs, creating a bespectacled effect.

Its use as a carnival mask is entirely a modern convention, and today these masks are often much more decorative. Although the mask and costume is worn almost exclusively by males, the enhancement in decoration also suggests that women are now more likely to wear the mask and costume than in previous years at the Carnival.The who followed De Lorme's example wore the usual black hat and long black cloak as well as the mask, white gloves and a staff (so as to be able to move patients without having to come into physical contact with them). They hoped these precautions would prevent them contracting the disease. The mask was originally beaked with a purpose in congruence with the practiced at that time: the hollow beak allowed for the containment of flowers and other sweet-smelling substances designed to keep away the foul odors that were thought to spread infection. Those who wear the plague doctor mask often also wear the.

The popularity of the Medico della peste among carnival celebrants can be seen as a. Woman wearing a moretta in The Rhinoceros Moretta/Servetta muta The moretta (meaning dark one) or servetta muta (meaning mute servant woman) was a small strapless black velvet oval mask with wide eyeholes and no lips or mouth worn by patrician women.

It derived from the mask invented in France in the sixteenth century, but differed in not having a hole to speak through. The mask was only just large enough to conceal a woman's identity and was held in place by the wearer biting on a button or bit (the women wearing this mask were unable to speak, hence muta) and was often finished off with a veil. By, sometimes called, depicts this mask in use in 1751. It fell into disuse about 1760.Volto (Larva) The volto (Italian for face) or larva (meaning ghost in Latin) is the iconic modern Venetian mask: it is often made of stark white porcelain or thick plastic, though also frequently gilded and decorated, and is commonly worn with a and cloak. The 'volto' is also quite heavier than a typical mask and has a much tighter fit; many people who experience do not wear the 'volto' at the Carnival. If worn by a woman, who are the most common wearers of the volto at the modern festival, it is typically worn with a headdress, scarf, veil, another mask, or a combination of all four. It is secured in the back with a ribbon.

Unlike the moretta muta, the volto covers the entire face of the wearer including the whole of the chin. Unlike a typical mask, it also extends farther back to just before the ears and upwards to the top of the forehead; also unlike the moretta muta, it depicts the nose and lips in simple facial expressions. 's half-mask is painted black with an ape-like nose and a 'bump' to signify a devil's hornArlecchino, meaning harlequin in Italian, is a character of the commedia.

He is meant to be a kind of 'noble savage', devoid of reason and full of emotion, a peasant, a servant, even a slave. His originally wooden and later leather half-mask painted black depicts him as having a short, blunt, ape-like nose, a set of wide, round, arching eyebrows, a rounded beard, and always a 'bump' upon his forehead meant to signify a devil's horn. He is a theatrical counterpoint to and often servant of Pantalone, and the two characters often appeared together on the stage. A leather version of a Zanni mask, profile viewThe Zanni class of characters is another classic of the stage.

Theirs is a half mask in leather, presenting themselves with low forehead, bulging eyebrows and a long nose with a reverse curve towards the end. It is said that the longer the nose, the more stupid the character. The low forehead is also seen as a sign of stupidity. The zanni are often the supporting characters in a commedia performance, often fulfilling similar societal roles as Arlecchino, though with smaller partsMask-makers The mascherari (or mask-makers) had their own statute dated 10 April 1436. They belonged to the fringe of painters and were helped in their task by sign-painters who drew faces onto plaster in a range of different shapes and paying extreme.In popular culture.

This article appears to contain references to. Please reorganize this content to explain the subject's impact on popular culture, to, rather than simply listing appearances. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. ( January 2018)The short story, written by, is set in Venice during the carnival.Venetian masks feature prominently in the films and 's. Stores that supplied the masks include both Ca' Macana and Il Canovaccio in Venice.Carnivale is depicted in the 2009.

The main character, is assisted by the artist in hunting down and assassinating the corrupt during Carnivale; a golden mask, which Ezio must obtain to enter a private party held by the Doge, plays a significant role in this part of the game. Carnivale is also depicted in the 2005. The first episode of the game is set during the 2001 Carnivale, and large enemies wear masks.In the children's book series by, Carnivale is prominently featured as the eponymous festival in Carnival at Candlelight, the series' thirty-third entry. In this adventure, Jack and Annie travel back in time on a mission to prevent Venice from being destroyed by a flood.See also.Images.

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