The National Institute of Justice reports that over 75% of released inmates are re-incarcerated within five years of discharge from prison; this high re-offending rate is due to many U.S. Prisons focusing on punishment, rather than on rehabilitation.While 84% of state prisons offer high school classes, only 27% of state prisons offer college courses. Almost all federal prisons offer vocational training compared to only 44% of private prisons and 7% of jails. While almost all federal prisons have alcohol and drug rehabilitation programs, more than a quarter of all state prisons do not provide prisoners with alcohol and drug dependency, counseling, and awareness programs.Although prison rehabilitation programs initially cost prisons money to implement, studies have shown that these programs decrease the recidivism rate, decreasing the prison population. With fewer people in prison, correctional facilities need less money to operate, thus requiring less money from taxpayers. Since educational, vocational, and drug rehabilitation programs decrease the likelihood that inmates will re-offend, they also allow ex-convicts to contribute to society, boosting the economy.Image: The U.S. Re-offending rate by crime.

Source:.Criminologists have shown that prison education classes drastically reduce the recidivism rate. In Ohio, for example, inmates who enroll in college classes have a re-offending rate of 18%, while prisoners who do not take college courses have a re-incarceration rate of 40%. Prisoners in New York who earn a college degree while incarcerated are almost half as likely to get arrested after release compared to inmates who do not earn a degree. By decreasing the re-offending rate, prison education programs ultimately save the state money. For example, from 2008 to 2009, Nevada decreased the state’s prison population by 1.6%, which saved the state $38 million and prevented Nevada from spending $1.2 billion on construction costs. When one fewer Nevadan inmate re-offends, the state saves $22,000.

Since about 40% of state inmates and 27% of federal inmates have not completed high school, prison education programs allow inmates to gain the necessary skills they will need to find work outside of prison.In addition to educational opportunities, job-training programs in prison reduce the re-offending rate and prove to be cost-effective. For example, Minnesota’s work-release program, which permits inmates to work in the community as they approach their release dates, lowers recidivism rates.

But should serial killers ever be freed? Sutcliffe was jailed in 1981 for murdering 13 women. Having begun his life sentence in prison, he was. Today, somewhere between 15 and 20 percent of people in prison are mentally ill, according to U.S. Department of Justice estimates. 'Prisons have really become, in many ways, the de facto mental health hospitals,' says former prison psychologist Thomas Fagan, PhD.

Minnesota prisoners who participate in work-release programs are almost twice as likely to find work within the first couple years of release than inmates who do not have work experience. Prisoners who participate in work-release programs are 16% less likely to be rearrested and 17% less likely to be sent back to prison. From 2007 to 2011, Minnesota’s work-release program saved the state $1.25 million due to the decrease in the prison population. In clearer terms, for each inmate who participates in a work-release program, the state saves $700 on average. Vocational training also allows ex-convicts to give back to society and boost the economy. Minnesota prisoners who received job training paid $459,819 more in income taxes than those who did not get job training.Furthermore, alcohol and drug addiction programs have been shown to help prisoners rebuild their lives, increasing the chances that ex-convicts remain outside of prison.

The Center for Prisoner Health and Human Rights reports that about 50% of inmates have a substance use disorder. Although drug treatment programs are available in the majority of prisons, only 40% of drug-abusing state prisoners and about half of drug-abusing federal prisoners take part in these programs. Prisoners with drug addictions should be encouraged to participate in these programs because scholars have demonstrated that drug treatment programs save correctional facilities money over time.

On average, it costs California prisons $72 a day to incarcerate one prisoner. San Diego’s drug treatment programs have been shown to prevent ex-convicts from returning to prison at a cost of only $65 per day. While prisons saving $7 per prisoner may not seem like much, prisons can save hundreds of thousands of dollars if the majority of prisoners with substance use disorders participate in treatment programs.After examining the studies about the cost effectiveness of educational, vocational, and drug treatment programs, it should be a no-brainer for politicians to support policy that emboldens prisons to administer rehabilitation programs for their inmates. It is true that rehabilitation programs have an upfront cost, but policymakers must remember that in the long run, these programs greatly reduce recidivism and people’s tax dollars. It should be evident to lawmakers that the benefits of prison rehabilitation programs, which include a better economy and safer communities, vastly outweigh the costs.

References1 “Criminal Justice Fact Sheet,” www.NAACP.org, accessed August 10, 2017, “Recidivism,” www.nij.gov, last modified June 17, 2014, Caroline Wolf Harlow, Education and Correctional Populations (Washington: U.S. Department of Justice, 2003), 4, James J. Stephan, Census of State and Federal Correctional Facilities, 2005 (Washington: U.S. Department of Justice, 2008), 6, James S. Vacca, “Educated Prisoners Are Less Likely to Return to Prison,” Journal of Correctional Education 55, no. 4 (2004): 298, John H.

Esperian, “The Effect of Prison Education Programs on Recidivism,” Journal of Correctional Education 61, no. 4 (2010): 332-333, Harlow, Education and Correctional Populations, 2.8 Grant Duwe, “An Outcome Evaluation of a Prison Work Release Program Estimating Its Effects on Recidivism, Employment, and Cost Avoidance,” Criminal Justice Policy Review 26, no. 6 (2015): 532-533 and 543-544, doi:10.11414524590.9 Ibid., 548-549.10 “Incarceration, Substance Abuse, and Addiction,” www.prisonerhealth.org, accessed August 10, 2017, Christopher J. Mumola and Jennifer C. Karberg, Drug Use and Dependence, State and Federal Prisoners, 2004 (Washington: U.S. Department of Justice, 2006), 1, Kathryn E.

Mccollister et al., “Long-Term Cost Effectiveness of Addiction Treatment for Criminal Offenders,” Justice Quarterly 21, no. 3 (2004): 672 and 675, doi:10.10.

MapStats A feature of FedStats, MapStats allows users to search for state, county, city, congressional district, or Federal judicial district data (demographic, economic, and geographic). Quick link: all data and resources ». National Bureau of Economic Research (Public Use Data Archive)Founded in 1920, the National Bureau of Economic Research is a private, nonprofit, nonpartisan research organization dedicated to promoting a greater understanding of how the economy works. The NBER is committed to undertaking and disseminating unbiased economic research among public policymakers, business professionals, and the academic community.

Since my major is rehabilitation and human services, I thought that the particular topic of prisons approaches to rehabilitation was interesting. In the criminal justice system today, there are many different issues that should be addressed. One that I find to be major is the rehabilitation in prison. Therapeutic communities are very necessary in the society today to assure that everyone gets the help they need no matter the circumstance. People who are convicted often become mad at the system, and do not want to get the help they need through rehabilitation.

Rehabilitation is the action of restoring someone to health or normal life through training and therapy after or during imprisonment, addiction or illness. Opera pms 5.0 free download. Simply put, rehabilitation is needed to help people get back on their feet, so that they can live their lives to their full potentials. Therapeutic communities are holistic residential environments that are designed to promote the personal growth and development of the residents (Schneider, 2012, pg 269.) With this being said these communities in prisons provide opportunities for offenders to experience a highly structured setting that models a cooperative prosocial environment. (Schneider, 2012, pg 269.)

Prison therapeutic communities have been implemented into many states, this is good because it gives the offenders the opportunity to get the help they need in the rehabilitation process. “Convicts argue against the rehabilitation effect of incarceration because it is inconceivable that they could do otherwise. Inmates submit to imprisonment unwillingly and they find it unpleasant.” (Tittle, 1974). With this being said, the inmates or people who are convicted to not want to get the rehabilitation that is needed for them to have a better life because they are angry that they were put in jail. Along with not wanting to do the rehabilitation, “inmates manipulate prison staffs by complaining of the contradiction between custodial and rehabilitative functions and by criticizing the failure of prisons to live up to their ideals.” (Tittle, 1974). This simply means that the inmates do not think that the rehabilitation services they are getting meet their standards, and they don’t want to continue with them because of that.

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I believe that we as a society need to come up with a solution to this problem. People need rehabilitation for a reason. Even if inmates are fighting to get the help they need, I believe that we need to find a way to get them to participate in the rehabilitation. Doing this will help them in the long run, as when they do get out of prison, it will help them get back to the life they once had.
References:

Tittle, C. R. (1974). Prisons and rehabilitation: The inevitability of disfavor. Social Problems, 385-395.

Schneider, F.W, Gruman, J. A., & Coutts, L. M. (2012). Applied Psychology (2nd ed.). Thousand Oaks, CA: SAGE Publications, Inc.